第四單元：副詞(Adverb)
副詞：修飾者(modifier)之一，主要用來修飾動詞、也修飾形容詞及其他副詞。
【觀念確認】修飾動詞時，單字副詞一般放在句尾，放在句中則在be動詞或助動詞之後、一般動詞之前；放在句首則用來修飾整句，若be動詞或助動詞一併前調主詞前，則成倒裝句；副詞片語和副詞子句放在句尾則必定用來修飾動詞，放在句首則用逗號與主句隔開；修飾形容詞及其他副詞時必定放在被修飾者之前。
副詞修飾動詞：
He can speak English well. (副詞well放在句尾，用來修飾動詞speak)
He speaks Japanese fluently. (副詞fluently放在句尾，用來修飾動詞speaks)
He is still standing there. (副詞still放在句中，用來修飾動詞is standing)
I am already a teacher. = I am a teacher already. (already，用來修飾動詞am)
We will soon be there. = We will be there soon. (soon，用來修飾動詞will be)
He has just finished eating lunch. (just，用來修飾動詞has finished)
Suddenly he jumped up and ran out of the room. (副詞Suddenly修飾全句)
He loves her, however, she doesn’t like him at all. (副詞做為兩句之間的轉折)
副詞片語(介詞片語，不定詞片語，分詞片語)修飾動詞：
We had a picnic in the park. (介詞片語)修飾動詞
With joy, the boy goes to school. (介詞片語)修飾動詞
People work hard to keep family. (不定詞片語)修飾動詞
To get good grades, students study hard. (不定詞片語)修飾動詞
I felt like a fool standing in the cold rain. (分詞片語)修飾動詞
Waiting for her mother, the little girl stood there. (分詞片語)修飾動詞
(請點右鍵"另開視窗"，此YouTube教學內容高中以上聽力適用)
副詞子句(從屬子句)修飾動詞：
I respect him because he is honest. (副詞子句放在句尾修飾動詞repect)
Since you are a student, you should study hard. (副詞子句修飾主要子句)
副詞修飾副詞：
I love baseball very much. (副詞very，用來修飾副詞much.)
He arrived at the station just in time. (副詞just，用來修飾副詞片語in time)
He didn’t go simply because he was ill. (副詞simply，用來修飾because子句)
副詞修飾形容詞：
This book is very interesting. (副詞very，用來修飾形容詞interesting)
We know the man always in black. (副詞always，用來修飾形容詞in black)
有些副詞亦可用來修飾名詞
【觀念確認】可修飾名詞的副詞為數甚少，莫將副詞修飾名詞視為通則。
I am sincerely yours.
They will stay about a week.
Nearly everyone came to the party.
Even a child is able to do such a thing.
He is quite a baby in front of his parents.
It is rather a long distance from Beijing to Canton.
情狀副詞的形成
1.形容詞 + ly (ly即是like變化而來的字尾)
full…fully 完全地 pleasant…pleasantly 愉快地
brief…briefly 簡明地 beautiful…beautifully 美麗地
diligent…diligently 勤勉地 dangerous…dangerously 危險地
2. –y…-ily
easy…easily 簡單地 steady…steadily 穩定地
lucky…luckily 幸運地 gay…gaily = gayly 快樂地
happy…happily 快樂地 sly…slyly (音標﹝aI﹞) 狡猾地
3. –ue…-uly
true…truly 真實地
4.–le…-ly
sole…solely 單獨地 simple…simply 僅、只
whole…wholly完整地 possible…possibly 可能地
5. –ic…-ically
public…publicly 公開地 physical…physically 實際上
ironic…ironically 諷刺地 dramatic…dramatically 劇烈地
6. –ing…-ingly
exceeding…exceedingly 非常地 surprising…surprisingly 驚人地
7. –ed…-edly
supposed…supposedly 假設地 undoubted …undoubtedly 無疑地
副詞與形容詞同型且同義
long , early , near , enough , much , high , fast , late , little , low , right , wrong , far , back , daily , yearly , monthly , weekly , fortnightly...........
副詞與形容詞同型不同義
形容詞 副詞
pretty 漂亮的 pretty 相當地
very 就是 very 非常地
hard 硬的，難的 hard 用力地
well 有改善的 well 好地
副詞與形容詞加上ly後，意義改變
形 容 詞 副 詞 副 詞
bad 不好 bad 惡劣地 badly 甚
near 近、不久 near 在…附近 nearly 差不多
scarce 稀 少 *** scarcely 幾乎不
short 矮，短 short 短 shortly 不 久
direct 直 接 direct 直接 directly 立 即
hard 硬，難 hard 努力 hardly 幾乎不
high 高 的 high …得高 highly 非常地
late 遲，晚 late 遲，晚 lately 最 近
even 平均的 even 甚至 evenly 平均地
free 自由、空閒、免費 free自由、空閒、免費 freely 無憂無慮地
形似副詞的形容詞：ly字尾卻非副詞(名詞或動詞+ly，不是副詞而是形容詞)
lovely 可愛的 likely 可能的 cowardly 膽小的
costly 昂貴的 monthly 每月的 friendly 友善的
lonely 寂寞的 weekly 每週的 homely 家庭的
yearly 每年的 deadly 致命的 lively 活潑的
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心英文法 (9)
