(2) 物質名詞( Noun of Material ):物質材料,固、液、氣三態物質及化學元素等。
物質材料:
glass 玻璃 stone 石頭 iron 鐵 gold 金 silver 銀 neon 氖氣、霓虹
oil 油 paper 紙 air 空氣 gas 氣體 copper 銅 oxygen 氧氣
食物:
food 食物 rice米飯 beef 牛肉 fish 魚肉 mutton 羊肉 chicken 雞肉
meat 肉類 pork 豬肉 wheat 小麥 flour 麵粉 bread 麵包 butter 奶油
飲料:
water 水 wine 酒 tea 茶 soup 湯 milk 奶
liquid 液體 liquor 烈酒 coffee 咖啡 alcohol 酒精 sauce 醬
(3) 專有名詞( Proper Noun ):字首字母須大寫,通常不加冠詞,原則上無複數形。
專有名詞一般不須加the
1. 人名,稱謂:John,Mary,Mr. Brown…
例外 There are three Marys in our class.
= There are three girls called Mary in our class.
I prefer the young Shakespeare to the latter.
2. 國名:China,America,India,Iran…
例外 The Ukraine烏克蘭
Argentina = the Argentine阿根廷
Antarctica = the Antarctic 南極 ( the Arctic北極)
The Crimea克里米亞半島(黑海北岸蘇俄西南部)…
3. 洲名:Asia,Europe,Africa,America…
4. 城市:Taipei,Beijing,Tokyo,London,New York…
5. 山脈、Mount Everest,Mount Ali…
6. 湖泊:Lake Windermere,Sun Moon Lake…
7. 節日:Christmas Day,Easter,Halloween,Moon Festival,Lantern Festival…
8. 星期:Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday
9. 月份:January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September…
10. 四季:spring,summer,autumn,winter ( in the fall 秋天,美式用法= in autumn)
11. 年份:2000,1998…
12. 三餐:breakfast,lunch,dinner,supper
13. 學科:Math,Economics,History,Geography,Zoology,Botany,Chemistry…
14. 運動項目:Baseball,Basketball,Soccer,Volleyball,Badminton,Tennis,Diving…
15. 公司行號:City Bank,China Airline,Disney World,Far Eastern Department store…
須加the的專有名詞
1. 公家、機構:
The White House
The British Museum
The Hilton…
2. 書名、刊物:
The New York Times
The Economist…
某些雜誌、期刊不加 the: Language, Life, Time, New Scientist…
3. 河川、海洋:
The Pacific (Ocean)
The Yellow River
The Mediterranean
The Panama
4. 有of的專有名詞:
The University of Taiwan
The Department of Treasure
The United states of America ……
5. 複數形的專有名詞:
The Lins = The Lin family
The Netherlands = Holland
The Caves敦煌(石窟)
The Alps阿爾卑斯山
The Rockies洛磯山脈
The Himalayas喜瑪拉雅山
6. 大區域:The West,The East…☆(詳參形容詞之定冠詞)
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