陳思's 心英文法---英文心法

名詞相等語(Noun Equivalents)：名詞片語與名詞子句

【觀念確認】名詞在句中原始的功能，可作為主詞、受詞、或補語，所以凡是主詞、受詞，則必為名詞或其相等語；補語有可能是名詞外，亦有可能為形容詞或其相等語。

(1)名詞片語( Noun Phrase )：包括名詞本身受形容詞修飾後的片語，動詞做為句中主詞、受

詞、或補語而轉化成的動名詞或不定詞片語。

名詞本身受形容詞修飾後的名詞片語：

The tall girl is my cousin. (受形容詞tall修飾後的名詞片語)

The girl standing there is my sister. (受standing there修飾後的名詞片語)

I don’t know the girl standing there. (受standing there修飾後的名詞片語)

The girl called Mary is my friend. (受called Mary修飾後的名詞片語)

I know the girl called Mary. (受called Mary修飾後的名詞片語)

The tickets to the game were all sold out. (受to the game修飾後的名詞片語)

The plumber to fix the faucet has come. (受to fix the faucet修飾後的名詞片語)

The man who I look up to is you. (受who I look up to修飾後的名詞片語)

動詞轉化成的動名詞(V-ing)或不定詞(to + V)片語：

To be concentrated on listening to the teacher is the most important for students in class.

Being concentrated on listening to the teacher is the most important for students in class.

To say is one thing; to do is another.

Saying is one thing; doing is another.

Many of the students like playing video games in their free time.

Many of the students like to play video games in their free time.

Many of the students enjoy playing video games in their free time.

Many of the students want to play video games in their free time.

I don’t know what to do.

I don’t know how to do it.

How about going to a movie.(正) How about to go to a movie.(誤)

She looks like crying.(正) She looks like to cry. (誤)

註 介詞後的受詞只可用動名詞(V-ing)，不可用不定詞(to + V)片語

(2)名詞子句( Noun Clause )：包括以從屬連接詞所帶領的從屬子句，以及做為句中主詞、受詞、或補語的間接問句。

從屬連接詞子句做為句中主詞、受詞、或補語：

That a man wants to be successful without working hard is impossible.

That he has strived for many years makes him a successful businessman.

Whether he will come or not does not matter.

I wonder whether he will come (or not).

I wonder if he will come.

If he will come or not does not matter.(誤---If 子句不能作為主詞用)

註 詳見 屬連接詞

間接問句做為句中主詞、受詞、或補語：

What you concerned will not happen.

How this happened is still unknown.

◎ 介繫詞 + 名詞 = 副詞片語 or 形容詞片語　

with care = carefully with ease = easily without doubt = undoubtedly

The girl in the room is my sister.(介繫詞片語做為形容詞，修飾The girl)

My sister is studying in the room. (介繫詞片語做為副詞，修飾is studying)