陳思's 心英文法---英文心法

做為虛主詞 (代表後述之不定詞或that子句)

對於在台北的人來說，能搭捷運系統上班真方便

It is convenient for people in Taipei to take MRT to work.( It = to + V )

在台北的人能搭捷運系統上班真方便

It is convenient that people in Taipei can take MRT to work ( It = that…)

做好作業總共花了我兩小時

It took me two hours to finish doing my homework. ( It = to + V )

買這本書花了我兩百元

It cost me NT$200 to buy the book. ( It = to + V )

酒逢知己，千杯少

It is fun to have a drink with good friends. ( It = to + V )

例外 It is no use + V-ing：

覆水難收

It is no use crying over the spilt milk.

分裂句(It is…that…)和虛主詞(It is…that…)的差異(以下內容國中生可以不看)

It is important that you comprehend what the teacher says in class. (虛主詞It )

It is important for you to comprehend what the teacher says……… (虛主詞It)

It is I that love you very much. (分裂句It is…that…)

It is you that I love very much. (分裂句It is…that…)

It is very much that I love you. (分裂句It is…that…)

I love you very much. (直述句)

【觀念確認】虛主詞It所代表的是that之後的子句，而分裂句則是取直述句中，除動詞之外的任一字，置於It is之後，其餘部分則置於that之後，簡言之，分裂句僅是潤飾直述句的一種句型結構，其中的It is…that…不具任何意義。

進階觀念分裂句(It is…that…)，It is後若為事物，則(It…that = What)。

It is food and water that the refugees need most.---------難民最需者飲食耳

= What the refugees need most is food and water.

It is fame that he is after.-------------------------------------------------追名逐利

= What he is after is fame.(開明英文法 林語堂 P.167)

 

It is a good rest that you need most .---------------你最需要的是好好休息

= What you need most is a good rest.( A University Grammar of English --- Longman P.417)

進階觀念分裂句(It is…that…)，It is後若為人，則(It…that = It…who)。

告訴你那件事的人是我

It was I that told you that. = It was I who told you that.

It is the men that / who work hardest, not the women.(納氏英文法 P.74)

P.S. 更融會貫通此二句型，請參閱關係代名詞及句型之間接問句。

做為虛受詞 (代表後述之不定詞；it = to + V)

People take it for granted to speak Chinese in China.-在中國說中文理所當然

I make it a rule to practice speaking English 2 hours a day.----養成…的習慣

做為具有共識的虛受詞

Take it easy. ------------------------------------------------------放輕鬆，別緊張

You can’t get away with it. ------------------------你躲不掉的；面對現實吧

I can’t stand it any more.-------------------------------------------我再也受不了

Shall we walk it or cab it? ------------------------我們要走路還是搭計程車?

He hasn’t got it in him. ------------------------------------------------他沒那本事

The deuce take it. = Damn it. ------------------------詛咒( 祈使句take不加s)

Now you have done it.------------早跟你說不要那麼做(sarcastic in English)

So be it. -------------------既然如此，那就算了(表示失望，死心的慣用語)

Beat it! ----------------------------------------------閃開，別擋著路；少管閒事

代表前述整句之事

Jason has tried his best, but it doesn’t work.(主詞…表前述之整句)

Mr. Lin is a nice man, and all the neighbors know it. (受詞…表前述整句)

Jason has tried his best, hasn’t he?(正)

Jason has tried his best, isn’t it?(正)

註 詳見句型之附加問句