第二單元:代名詞
代名詞:用來代替名詞(人、事、時、地、物)的字詞,故其數量、性別和人稱必須與其所代表的名詞相同,在句中亦如同名詞的功能,可做為主詞、受詞或補語用;計有人稱代名詞,指示代名詞,.疑問代名詞,關係代名詞,及不定代名詞等五種。
【觀念確認】代名詞前不可加限定詞(determiners),唯one例外。限定詞(determiners):包括指示形容詞,冠詞及所有格。
人稱代名詞(Personal Pronoun)
用以代替人的字詞,於人稱、性別與單複數之字形差異甚為明顯
人 稱 |
主 格 |
所 有 格 |
受 格 |
所有代名詞 |
反身代名詞 |
第一人稱 |
I |
my |
me |
mine |
myself |
第二人稱 |
You(Thou) |
your(thy) |
you(thee) |
yours(thine) |
yourself(thy-) |
第三人稱 |
He |
his |
him |
his |
himself |
第三人稱 |
She |
her |
her |
hers |
herself |
第三人稱 |
It |
its |
it |
its |
itself |
第一人稱 |
We |
our |
us |
ours |
ourselves |
第二人稱 |
You |
your |
you |
yours |
yourselves(thy-) |
第三人稱 |
They |
their |
them |
Theirs |
themselves |
【觀念確認】第一、二人稱單數,第三人稱單數It(它、牠)和多數人稱皆無性別差異,第三人稱單數則有之,He(他),She(她);代名詞使用的對象與時機,通常是對話者之間已有共識的人、事、時、地、物。
通則 :對於已提過的人、事、時、地、物,多半不再重提其全名,是以多半以代名詞取代之。
My father usually goes to work at 7:00, and he comes home late.
My father usually goes to work at 7:00, and my father comes home late.
Mary has a piano lesson on Mondays, and she is tired of it.
Mary has a piano lesson on Mondays, and Mary is tired of the piano lesson.
(後者文法上固然無誤,然並不實用於口語上。)
通則 :對話中,回答者對於問題中的人、事、時、地、物,多半不再重提其全名,而以代名詞取代,以避免冗言。
A: What does your father/John/… do?
B: He is / works as a sculptor.
( My father is / works as a sculptor.則成敬語,如同中文的“家父”)
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