做為虛主詞的指示代名詞:Here和There
【觀念確認】Here和There做為地方副詞,而放在句尾,其意義為強調動作發生的地方,而其本身亦是名詞,做為虛主詞,實由倒裝句型的演變而成,Here和There成為主詞後,失去其原本表達地方的意義,反而變成強調動作的發生的事實,或人、事、物的存在,謂之為存在原則(Principle of Existence )。
強調地方意義: (S + V + here / there)
I am here.-------------------------------------------------------------------------我在這裡
We go there.---------------------------------------------------------------我們到那邊去
The bus comes here.---------------------------------------------------巴士有停這一站
An apple is there on the table.-------------------------------一顆蘋果放在桌子那邊
A stray dog was run over by cars in the road.----流浪狗在高速公路上被車輾斃
A boy and a girl are playing in the park.----------------------一男一女在公園玩耍
A boy and a girl are in the park.-------------------------------------一男一女在公園
A fish, and a turtle is in the pond.------------------一條魚,還有一隻龜在池塘裡
Let light be there.(開明英文法 林語堂 p.337)--------------------------把灯擺那裡
強調存在原則:(Here / There + 代名詞 + V,Here / There + V +名詞)
Here I am.---------------------------------------------------------------------有!在!
Here / There we go.----------------------------------------------------------我們出發囉
Here comes the bus.------------------------------------------------------------巴士來了
There is an apple on the table.-------------------------------------------桌上有顆蘋果
There was a stray dog run over by cars in the highway.---高速公路上有流浪狗被車輾斃
There are a boy and a girl playing in the park.-------公園裡有一男一女在玩耍
There is a fish, and a turtle in the pond.--------------池塘裡有條魚,還有一隻龜
There is a fish and a turtle in the pond.-------------------------------------(同上句)
Let there be light. (開明英文法 林語堂 P.337)-------------------------讓灯亮著吧
有關Be動詞之存在原則,詳參動詞之Be動詞…存在原則。