陳思's 心英文法---英文心法

受與動詞(Dative Verb)

【觀念確認】受與動詞就是，須有兩個受詞在後的完全及物動詞，一為直接受詞(Direct Object 事物)，一為間接受詞(Indirect Object 人)，間接受詞(人)在前，則不用介繫詞，直接受詞(事物)在前，則間接受詞(人)前須有特定之介繫詞。

完全及物：S + Vt + IO + DO型 (受與動詞)

(1) 直接受詞(事物)在前，則間接受詞(人)前須加介繫詞to者

give, bring, deny, allow, grant, lend, hand, offer, owe, pay, tell, teach, pass, read, promise, permit, show, send, sell, refuse, throw, write, wish …….etc.

He gave me the book.---------------------------------------------他給我這本書

= He gave the book to me.

Our teacher teaches us English.-------------------------我們老師教我們英文

= Our teacher teaches English to us.

Can you pass me the salt? --------------------------------把鹽巴遞給我好嗎?

= Can you pass the salt to me?

My friend lent me some money. ---------------------------我朋友借我一些錢

= My friend lent some money to me.

Can you show me the sample? --------------------------可以看一下樣本嗎?

= Can you show the sample to me?

I wish her a happy birthday.----------------------------------我祝她生日快樂

= I wish a happy birthday to her. (more examples)

一個陌生人問我可否借給他一些錢

A stranger asked me if I can give him some money.

= A stranger asked if I can give him some money to me.

(2) 直接受詞(事物)在前，則間接受詞(人)前須加介繫詞for者

buy, cause, order, make, cook, do, get, leave, choose, pick, sing, fetch, reach, spare, save…….etc.

He bought his son the book. --------------------------他買了一本書給他兒子

= He bought the book for his son.

My mother cooks us dinner. --------------------------------母親為我們做晚餐

= My mother cooks dinner for us.

His father left him a lot of money. ----------------他父親留下一大筆錢給他

= His father left a lot of money for him.

Would you do me a favor? ----------------------------------可以幫我個忙嗎?

= Would you do a favor for me?

I would like to sing you a song.----------------------------------我想為您獻唱

= I would like to sing a song for you.

(3) 直接受詞(事物)在前，則間接受詞(人)前須加介繫詞of者

ask, require, demand, request, beg, entreat…….etc.

May I ask you a question? -------------------------可以請教您一個問題嗎?

= May I ask a question of you?

The police demanded us our ID. ---------------警察要求我們出示身份證明

= The police demanded the ID of us.

The tuition requires you $40000. --------------------------須繳交學費四萬元

= The tuition requires $40000 of you.

(4) 直接受詞(事物)在前，則間接受詞(人)前須加介繫詞on者

play, strike…….etc.

How dare you play me such a trick? ----------------好大膽，你竟敢耍我?

= How dare you play such a trick on me?

     I struck the door a heavy blow.-------------------我在門上重重地敲了一下

  = I struck a heavy blow on(against) the door.
 

釋疑 受詞有受格(Objective)、與格(Dative)及奪格(Ablative)，句中同時具備受格受詞(直接受詞)和與格受詞(間接受詞)的動詞方稱為受與動詞。

(5) 看似受與動詞，而非受與動詞的動詞

   我向陳先生借了一些錢

       I borrowed some money from Mr. Chen.(正)

       I borrowed Mr. Chen some money.(誤)

      (6) 若直接受詞(事物)為代名詞it，必置於動詞後；其他代名詞不在此例

   幫我拿著好嗎?

      Would you take it for me? (正)

      Would you take me it?(誤)

   陳先生真的有兩把刷子

      Mr. Chen really taught us something. (正)

      Mr. Chen really taught something to us. (正)

   你真的要我告知他此事?

      You really want me to tell him this? (正)

      You really want me to tell this to him? (正)