連綴動詞(Linking Verb)
【觀念確認】連綴動詞即是不完全的動詞,其後無論有無受詞必須有補語,補語若非主詞補語,即是受詞補語,換言之,無論動詞及物或不及物,其後須補語者,即為連綴動詞(不完全);同屬連綴動詞的尚有感官動詞及使役動詞;就中文語意而言,“連綴”二字其實已明白闡述“連接補語”的意義,與識者共享。
釋疑 補語(Complement):對於前提之主詞或受詞的補充說明,或其同位語。
不完全及物 S + Vt + O + OC 型(須要受詞補語的連綴動詞)
(1) 連綴動詞(Linking Verb)
make, call, name, keep, cause, choose, declare, elect, set, leave, wish, expect, tell, want, ask, like, let…….etc.
【觀念確認】除了受詞之外,仍必須加受詞補語,補語可為名詞或形容詞。
Charity makes the world better.-----------------------------慈善佈施使得世界更美好
Would you let me down?-----------------------------------------------你會讓我失望嗎?
All my students call me Mr. Chen.----------------------------學生都稱呼我Mr. Chen
His father named him Harry.-----------------------------------他父親為他取名Harry
They elected the stupid man President.----------------------他們選了個愚人當總統
My classmates chose Mary leader.-------------------------------同學们選Mary當班長
Anxiety kept him awake all night long.----------------------------焦慮令他整夜難眠
Helping others will set your heart free.-------------------------------助人為快樂之本
The man declared himself the king of the world.--------這人宣稱自己為世界之王
The king wished all the people in the kingdom healthy and wealthy. 國王希望全國健康富足(more information )
Do you want your children safe ? -----------------------你希望你的孩子安全嗎?
(more information )
(2) 感官動詞(Verb of sense perception)
feel, see, hear, watch, find, think, notice, consider, believe, imagine, suppose, know, judge…….etc.
【觀念確認】感官動詞即是和五官,覺知有關的一切動詞,亦屬於連綴動詞,其後的受詞補語若是動詞,可用原形動詞,代表所感知之事實,或現在分詞,代表所感知之正在發生的動作,或過去分詞,代表所感知之受詞「被…」的動作。
I saw her play the piano when she was eight.---------(表事實的受詞補語)
I felt the world shaking when the earthquake came.-(表行進的受詞補語)
I saw a dog hit by a car. -------------------------------(表被動的受詞補語)
I heard Mary playing the piano last night.-----------昨晚我聽到Mary彈琴
I saw Jack riding a bike in the park.----------------我看到Jack在公園騎單車
We watched the fish fed in the aquarium.-----------我们在水族館看餵魚秀
We listened to the music played by Mary.------我们聆聽Mary演奏的音樂
進階觀念 若感官動詞本身為被動式,補語用不定詞(to + V)通常表示整個動作的過程,補語若用現在分詞( V-ing)表示進行當時片斷的動作,而根據語意的邏輯,有些感官動詞的被動後並不能用現在分詞( V-ing)。
我觀賞鳥兒翱翔
I watched the birds flying.
The birds were watched to fly (by me).--- 表示整個動作的全部過程
The birds were watched flying (by me).--- 表示動作進行當時的片斷
我認為Mary鋼琴彈得很好
I think Mary play the piano well.
Mary is thought to play the piano well (by me).
The piano is thought to be played well by Mary.
(根據語意的邏輯,think被動後並不能用現在分詞( V-ing))
我看到一隻母鳥在哺育雛鳥
I found a mother bird feeding her baby birds.
A mother bird was found to feed her baby birds (by me).
(表示整個動作的全部過程)
A mother bird was found feeding her baby birds (by me).
(表示動作進行當時的片斷)
Baby birds were found to be fed by their mother bird.
(表示整個動作的全部過程)
Baby birds were found being fed by their mother bird.
(表示動作進行當時的片斷)
【觀念確認】感官動詞後的受詞補語,亦可視為名詞子句的省略。
No one noticed the Tsunami coming. (the Tsunami是受詞)
No one noticed (that) the Tsunami is coming. (the Tsunami是主詞)
We all find Taiwan beautiful. (Taiwan是受詞)
We all find (that)Taiwan is beautiful. (Taiwan是名詞子句中的主詞)
I saw a dog hit by a car. (a dog是受詞,hit是P.P.)
I saw (that) a dog was hit by a car. (a dog是名詞子句中的主詞)
I think her play the piano well. (play表事實的受詞補語)
I think (that) she plays the piano well. (plays表名詞子句中的本動詞)
(3) 使役動詞(Causative Verb)
let, make, have, bid, help.
【觀念確認】使役動詞亦屬於連綴動詞,其後的受詞補語若是動詞,原形動詞表主動狀態,用現在分詞表示正在或已發生的事,被動狀態則用過去分詞,只有help之後可使用不定詞(to +V)。
Let it be.-----------------------------------------------------------------------保持平常心
The sad movie made me shed tears.--------------------------悲傷的劇情使我流淚
My brother helped me (to) do the work.-------------------------------我哥幫我做的
My parents bid me come to the cram school.----------我爸媽吩咐我得上補習班
My mother had dinner all set.----------------------------------我媽把晚餐都搞定了
The joke had me laugh/laughing all night.----------------這笑話害我笑了一晚上
進階觀念 若使役動詞本身為被動式,則補語一律用不定詞(to + V)
家父請了個師傅修車
My father had a worker fix his car.
= My father had his car fixed (by a worker).
= A worker was had to fix my father’s car (by my father).
家父讓我上補習班
My father let me go to the cram school.
= I was let to go to the cram school.(by my father).
Mary叫John去修水龍頭
Mary made John fix the faucet.
= Mary made the faucet fixed by John.
= John was made to fix the faucet (by Mary).
主人吩咐僕人們要提供最好的食物給客人
The master bade/ bid the servants offer the best food for the guests .
= The master bade/ bid the best food offered (by the servants) for the guests.
= The servants was bidden / bid to offer the best food for the guests by the master.
※本章節之論述與一般文法書籍迥異,讀者可自行斟酌,何種論述適合你自己的理解,無須引述他文論述(我看多了),是非對錯本人自有定見,無意參與爭論。
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