Dare (敢) 的用法
Dare用於肯定句時,一律做為一般動詞(本動詞)使用,和Need完全相同,只有用在問句或否定句中,做為助動詞使用,和Need稍有不同。
【觀念確認】做為助動詞的dare其後必須接原形動詞,其現在式和過去式皆可用dare,助動詞過去式亦可寫成dared;其否定為dare not,亦可縮為daren’t。
(1) dare做為一般動詞(本動詞)使用,現在式主詞第三人稱須加s,過去式須加ed。
深入探討 dare做為一般動詞使用時,之後必接不定詞,亦可接名詞為受詞然而意義截然不同。
He dares to do that.(敢…)
He dares a jump.(冒險…= risk)
I dared him to do that.(賭…= bet, challenge)
I dared his fury to tell him the truth.(不顧…,挑戰…= defied, challenge)
(2) dare做為助動詞,受詞若是動詞,則須用原形動詞,現在式、過去式仍用dare。
深入探討 [dare助動詞過去式]亦可寫成[dared]。
Does he dare to do that? = Dare he do that?-----------------------他有膽那麼做?
No, he doesn’t dare to. = No, he dare not .---------------------------不,他不敢
Yes, he does. = Yes, he dares to do that.= Yes, he dare .----------是的,他敢
Did he dare to do that? = Dare he do that? = Dared he do that?(過去式用法)
No, he didn’t dare to do that.=No, he dare not do that.=No, he dared not do that.
Yes, he did. = Yes, he dare. = Yes, he dared.
How do you dare to say so?
= How dare you say so?
(3) Dare的過去否定:dare not have + P.P.及didn’t dare to + V
S + dare not have + P.P. + O
解析 意解為「實在不敢…(加強語氣)」
I dare not have talked with her so badly at that time.-那時我真的不敢和她說話
= I should have talked with her, but I dared not.
S + didn’t dare to + V + O = S + dared not + V + O
解析 意解為「(那時候)不敢…」
I didn’t dare to talk with her at that time. ----------------那時我不敢和她說話
= I dared not talk with her at that time.
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