陳思's 心英文法---英文心法

would 和 used to 的辨異

坊間的文法書幾乎一律提到 used to 表示「過去習慣於做某事」之意，然而used to有「過去」之意，並無「習慣」之意，would 反而稍有過去習慣的意味，經常與 sometimes, often 等頻率副詞合用，較明確的說法應是 would 表示「對過去的回憶」而 used to 表示「過去與現在的對照」

I would often go hiking when I was young. (對過去的回憶或習慣)

Sometimes the kids would play tricks on the teacher before. (對過去的回憶)

I used to teach in Taipei American School.(現在不教了)我以前在TAS教課

I used to like spicy food, but not now.-----------(現在不喜歡)我以前喜歡辣

I would like spicy food. = I want spicy food.-------------- (現在喜歡)我要辣

There used to be a theater before. (以前有…現在沒有)

There would be a theater if they used to build one. (以前沒有…現在也沒有)

He used to live in China.-----------------------(現在不住了)他以前住在中國

He would live in China if he were married with the girl.-若…他會住在中國

(請點右鍵"另開視窗"，此YouTube教學內容高中以上聽力適用)

深入探討 否定句和疑問句中used to可視為獨立的個體(不受助動詞影響)，或視used為一般動詞過去式，或視used本身即是助動詞。

He didn’t used to smoke as he was a student. (視used to為獨立的個體)

He didn’t use to smoke as he was a student. (視used為一般動詞過去式)

He used not to smoke as he was a student. (視used本身即是助動詞)

          Did you used to do such a ridiculous thing? (視used to為獨立的個體)

          Did you use to do such a ridiculous thing? (視used為一般動詞過去式)

          Used you to do such a ridiculous thing? (視used本身即是助動詞)

附加問句

There used to be some trees before, didn’t there?(正)

There used to be some trees before, usedn’t there?(正)

There used to be some trees before, wasn’t there?(誤)

(請點右鍵"另開視窗"，此YouTube教學內容高中以上聽力適用)

深入探討 used to和be used to的辨異

習慣於…，有…的習慣

be/get used to + N / V-ing

be/get accustomed to + N / V-ing

be/get in habit of + N / V-ing

比較兩句

I used to live in America.-----------------------------------------我以前住過美國

I am used to living in America.--------------------------------住美國我很習慣

Would的慣用句型

S + would like N / to + V = S + want N / to + V

解析 意解為「想要…」，但would like語氣上比want來得客氣

I would like some cakes.--------------------------------------------我想要些蛋糕

I want some cakes.

Would you like some cakes?---------------------------------您想要來些蛋糕嗎?

Do you want some cakes?

I would like to have a cup of coffee.-------------------------------我想喝杯咖啡

I want to have a cup of coffee.

Would you like to have a cup of coffee?------------------您想要喝杯咖啡嗎?

Do you want to have a cup of coffee?

Would that + clause = S + wish that + clause(初學者略之)

解析 意解為「但願…」，可視為 if + 過去式clause的假設語氣

( I )Would that I were young like you.-------------但願我如同你一樣的年輕

I wish that I were young like you.

S + would/had rather (that) + 過去式clause (初學者略之)

解析 意解為「還希望，寧可…」，可視為 if + clause的假設語氣

I would rather (that) I didn’t do that.-----我真是後悔莫及

I had rather (that) I didn’t do that.

I wish that I didn’t do that.
(希望我沒做過那件事---事實是我做了那件事)

          I would rather (that) I had done that.---------------我真是後悔莫及

I had rather (that) I had done that.

I wish that I had done that.
(希望我有做過那事---事實是我沒做過)

I would rather (that) I were A-Bian.-----我寧可像阿扁貪污

I had rather (that) I were A-Bian.

I wish that I were A-Bian.

(也不要像陳老頭一樣貧窮---事實是我不是阿扁)
 

Would you mind + V-ing = Would you please + V

解析 意解為「可否請您…」

Would you mind being seated.-------------------------------------可否請您就座

Would you please be seated.

Would you mind opening the window.-------------------------可否請您開個窗

Would you please open the window.

S + would + V rather(sooner) than + V(初學者略之)

= S + would rather(sooner) + V than + V

= Rather(Sooner) would S + V than + V

= S + prefer to + V than + V

解析 意解為「寧…也不…」(初學者略之)

I would die rather(sooner) than surrender.------------------------------寧死不屈

I would rather(sooner) die than surrender.

Rather(Sooner) would I die than surrender.

I prefer to die than surrender.

【觀念總結】 除非句意必須明確表答未來時間外，句中的will多半可由would取代，語氣變得更加客氣委婉。