陳思's 心英文法---英文心法

非限定動詞(動狀詞)

不受主詞，時間或其他因素影響而改變其形式的動詞，包括不定詞，動名詞及分詞。

不定詞

不定詞(to + V)：是一種動詞，表示尚未做的某件事；但在句中可做為名詞，形容詞及副詞使用；原形動詞即是不定詞省略to而來。

(1)做名詞

(a) 做主詞：To say is one thing, to do is another.
                 (不定詞做為主詞---名詞)--------說是一回事，做是一回事

         虛主詞：It usually takes times to succeed.
                 (虛主詞時不定詞做為副詞)-------------------成功非一蹴可成

(b) 做受詞：He wants to do it
                 (不定詞做為受詞---名詞)----------------------------- 他自願的

  
         虛受詞：I make it a rule to get up at six every morning.
                 (虛受詞時不定詞做為it 同位語)--------------我習慣每天早起

(c)做主詞補語：To see is to believe.---------------------眼見為憑

受詞補語：The teacher taught the student to speak English.-教學生說英語

註:做為補語的不定詞，視為名詞或形容詞皆可

(2)做形容詞

(a) 修飾前方之名詞或代名詞﹝限定用法﹞

the refugees have had nothing to eat for several days.-難民已數日無食可進

I have no friend to help me.-----------------------------------------沒人可幫我

(b) 做補語﹝非限定用法﹞

主詞補語：His only desire is to continue his education.-繼續升學是他唯一的願望

受詞補語：My brother helped me to do my homework.--我哥幫我做功課

(3)做副詞 (做為修飾動詞的 to = in order to = so as to )

(a) 修飾動詞：The man stops (in order) to take a break.

(b) 修飾形容詞：I am sorry to hear that.

(c) 修飾其他副詞：My brother is not old enough to go to school.

(d) 獨立用法：To tell the truth, most Taiwanese have no skill in English.

做為獨立用法的重要片語：

To begin with 首先                    So to speak 可以這麼說，可謂

Needless to say 更不待言         To do him justice 公平而論

Suffice it to say that 不提別的  To make matters worse 更糟的是

To be brief 簡言之                     To make the story short 簡言之

To be frank with you 坦白地說 To be plain with you 坦白地說

To say nothing of 毋庸置疑       Not to mention 毋庸置疑