陳思's 心英文法---英文心法

原形動詞(原形不定詞Bare Infinitive)使用的時機

(1) 用於do, does , did , will, shall, can, may, must, would…等助動詞之後。

       He didn’t know me at all.

       Will she come to the party?

       Would it be me?

(2) 用於感官動詞之後，表示所感知的事實

see : I saw Mary play the piano before.

hear : I heard her sing an English song.

feel : I felt the house shake.

watch : We watched the bird fly in the sky.

notice : I didn’t notice you come.

註 感官動詞後亦可用V-ing(現在分詞)，感官動詞若是被動語態，則用to + V

They were seen to leave the house.

Mary was heard to play the piano.

(3) 用於使役動詞之後

let : Let me go.

have : Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you.

make : My father made a computer engineer fix the computer.

bid : Bid him wait. * 吩咐 *

* 使役動詞若是被動語態，則用to + V

          My father made me go to the hospital to see my grandfather for him.

       = I was made to go to the hospital to see my grandfather by my father.

(4) 用於助動詞片語之後

   have to 必須   had better 最好… be used to被用來…

   used to 以前   why not 何不        be able to 能夠

   ought to應該   be going to將會
   cannot (help) but = cannot help + V-ing只能…罷了

         I would rather study English than (study) Math.(寧…也不…)

        You can not love your parents too much. (絕不會太…)

(5) 須用原形動詞的句型

(a) All that … is + (to +)V ( 表事實 ).( A University Grammar of English --- Longman P.417)

        All that we do everyday is study , study, and study.

     = All we do everyday is study , study, and study.

     = What we do everyday is study , study, and study.

        All that you have to do is (to) say sorry.

     = All you have to do is (to) say sorry.

     = What you have to do is (to) say sorry.

(b) suggest, require, ask, propose, advise, insist advocate…. 等具有讓步意味的動詞之後的子句(子句中的should可省略 )

       The teachers proposed that the student be punished.

        I suggest that he come here immediately to explain the situation.

        I insisted that he appologize for his own fault.

(c) 虛主詞句型(It is + 形容詞 + that + 子句) 中…. 若形容詞之後的子句具有讓步意味，則子句中的should可省略

強姦犯去勢是有必要的

It is necessary that the criminal committing rape (should) be emasculated.

為了健康早起是必要的

It is essential that one (should) get up early for health’s sake.

將食物和水送到災民手中實刻不容緩

It is urgent that food and water (should) be sent to the refugees immediately.

全體委員受邀出席會議

It is requested that all committee (should) attend the meeting.

切記不能讓別人知道你在這裡

It is imperative that you (should) not be seen.

判無悔意的罪犯重刑是恰當的(亂世當用重典)

It is proper that an impenitent criminal (should) receive heavy sentence.

一言以敝之，原型動詞做為補語用，實為to +V的省略，具有加強語氣和強調事實的意味，這種句型源自強烈的假設狀態

(6) 俗語中常將 go to + V中的 to省略

You had better go (to) live in country; that does your health good.

No problem, I’ll go (to) fix the faucet at once.

註 go to + V意為去做「工作或例行公事」