Must
(1) Must用來表示「必須」或「義務」,而 must not 則表示「千萬不可」之意。
【觀念確認 】must 因其意義上不具讓步語氣之意味,故不但沒有P.P.,亦無過去式,過去式中的獨立子句,需用had to代之;must not 可以縮寫成mustn’t。
You must keep your words.---------------------------------------------你必須守信
Since you are students, you must go to school.--------既為學生,就必須上學
You must not go mountain climbing alone.------------你千萬不可單獨去爬山
Just keep it, you will have to use the money. (未來式will後不可用must)
I didn’t want to do that but simply had to. (過去式不可用must)
Must I go with you? No, you needn’t. = No, you don’t need to (go).
(請點右見鍵"另開視窗"此YouTube教學內容高中以上聽力適用)
深入體會 Must I…?的問句,否定須用need not表示「不必」之意,must not是用來否定May I…? 的問句,表示「不可」之意。
A: Must I do that? B: Yes, you must./ No, you don’t need to.
A: May I have it? B: Yes, please./ No, you mustn’t.
(2) Must用來表示「堅持」、「義務」或「勸告」
I must do it.----------------------------------------------------------我非這麼做不可
I must have your answer immediately.---------------------我馬上須要你的回答
You must tell me the truth if you want me to help you.-你不說實話,我幫不了你
(3) Must用來表示「不可避免的事」或「必然之推理」
We must all die someday..-----------------------------------------------人終須一死
She must be very beautiful, or you won’t be so crazy about her..--她想必很美
It must rain soon..------------------------------------------------想必快要下雨了吧
(4) 同為現在形的must = have to,而美式英文,尤其口語多用have to
【觀念確認】究其實must表示主觀的必須,而 have to表示客觀的必須
I must go now. -------------------------(有非走不可的意思)
I have to go now. ----------------------(可走可不走的意思)
【觀念確認】否定時 must 和 have to 意義則大不相同
You mustn’t do that. -------------------(有絕不可…的意思)
You don’t have to do that. ------------(有不必…,不用…的意思)
You haven’t to do that. -------------(有大可不必…,用不著…的意思)
深入體 have to的否定有兩種寫法,日常習慣的事通常用don’t have to,特殊情況的事方用 have not to。
He doesn’t have to go to work on weekends. -(表示平常週末就不上班)
He hasn’t to go to work this weekend. -------(表示平常週末要上班)
(請點右鍵"另開視窗",此YouTube教學內容高中以上聽力適用)
(5) 過去形的must 通常用 had to,但在某些條件下,過去式句中仍保留must
【條件1】間接引句中保留must,以表達主詞主觀的決心。
他說他不能有負所託
He said that he must do what he was told. ---(間接引句)
He said “I must do what I was told.” ---------(直接引句)
【條件2】具有間接引句意味的從屬子句中,為表達主詞主觀的決心。
國王明白他必須喚醒百姓的良知才能使國家進步
The king knew that he must awaken the public conscience to improve the country.
有個朋友我一定得去看看他
There was a friend who I must call on.
【條件3】用於過去假設中must = would (be bound to)。
他若曾經用功,早就通過考試了
If he had studied harder, he must have passed on the exam.(與過去事實相反)
If he had studied harder, he would (be bound to) have passed on the exam.
(請點右鍵"另開視窗",此YouTube教學內容高中以上聽力適用)
深入探討 If + S + must…和If + S + had to…,時態和意義則截然不同。
如果有必要,我一定會去做
If I must do it, I will do it. (對未來的推論、承諾)
若是該我做的,我會去做
If I had to do it, I would do it. (與現在事實相反)
【條件4】表示反常的事實,中文語意「不巧」、「偏偏」時。
只要我一吃飯,電話鈴就會響
As I was sitting for supper, the phone must ring.
我正忙,他就偏來煩
Just as I was busy working, he must come bothering.
特殊用法 must也可做為名詞或形容詞使用。
此書為必讀之書
This is a must book. (做為形容詞)
This book is a must. (做為名詞)
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