不及物動詞(Intransitive Verb) :本動詞後無受詞,或非受詞者,即為不及物動詞,分為完全不及物和不完全不及物兩種。
完全不及物 S + Vi 型 (一般動詞後既無受詞也不須補語)
【觀念確認】簡言知,動詞後既非受詞也不須補語,則稱為完全不及物。
(1) 動詞後無須受詞者
Birds can fly.------------------------------------------------------------鳥能飛行
The dog is running and playing.----------------------------------狗兒邊玩邊跑
The little girl is crying.---------------------------------------------小女孩在哭泣
Mr. Smith has gone. ---------------------------------------Smith先生已經走了
(2) 動詞後須受介詞以構成動詞片語者
I can get up early by myself without the alarm clock.-沒鬧鐘我也能早起
Come along with me.-------------------------------------------------------跟我來
Do you catch off?----------------------------------------------------你有睡著嗎?
The plane has now taken off.----------------------------------飛機已經飛走了
(3) 動詞後若是介詞時,即視之為不及物動詞,(介詞+受詞)為副詞片語,用以修飾不及物動詞;另一方面,亦有學者視(動詞+介詞)為及物動詞片語。
He comes (from America).------------------------------------------他是美國人
I used to live (in America).-----------------------------------我以前住在美國
Chinese live (on rice).-----------------------------------中國人以米飯為主食
He is looking (at the picture).------------------------------------他正看著幅畫
I am looking (for a book).---------------------------------------我在找一本書
Mary has to look (after her little brother). -----------Mary必須照顧她弟弟
(4) 具有副詞意味的介詞,其受詞若為名詞,可置於動詞後或介詞後,受詞若為代名詞,只可置於動詞後,不可置介詞後。
Turn on the light.(正) I called on my uncle in Australia.(正)
Turn the light on.(正) I called my uncle on in Australia.(誤)
Turn on it.(誤) I called on him in Australia.(正)
Turn it on.(正) I called him on in Australia.(誤)
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