Have 的用法
Have做為一般動詞(本動詞)使用時意義繁多,僅在意義為「有」時(Possess,Own),可做為助動詞使用,用在問句或否定句中,和Be動詞用法類似,其他含意和肯定句的have皆不可做為助動詞使用。
【觀念確認】 做為助動詞的have其後不可接原形動詞,其現在式為have, has,過去式為had,其否定為(have. has) not,亦可縮為haven’t, hasn’t,過去式為had not,亦可縮為hadn’t。
肯定句的have是一般動詞,不是助動詞。
I have some money. ---(肯定句…一般動詞現在式)
He has some money.---(肯定句…一般動詞現在式)
He had some money.---(肯定句…一般動詞過去式)
意義為「有」的have, has, had,在問句或否定句中可做為助動詞使用。
I don’t have any money. ---(否定句…一般動詞現在式)
= I haven’t any money. -------(否定句…助動詞現在式)
= I have no money. ------------(否定句…一般動詞現在式)
He doesn’t have any money. --(否定句…一般動詞現在式)
= He hasn’t any money. ---------(否定句…助動詞現在式)
= He has no money. --------------(否定句…一般動詞現在式)
He didn’t have any money. ----(否定句…一般動詞過去式)
= He hadn’t any money. ----------(否定句…助動詞過去式)
= He had no money. ---------------(否定句…一般動詞過去式)
Do you have the time? ----------(疑問句…一般動詞現在式)
= Have you the time? --------------(疑問句…助動詞現在式)
= What time is it ?
Does he have any brothers? ----(疑問句…一般動詞現在式)
= Has he any brothers? ------------(疑問句…助動詞現在式)
Did she have a kind heart? ------(疑問句…一般動詞過去式)
= Had she a kind heart? -----------(疑問句…助動詞過去式)
意義不是「有」的have, has, had,在問句或否定句中不可做為助動詞使用。
I don’t have breakfast every day. (正) -- -(否定句…一般動詞現在式)
I haven’t any breakfast every day. (誤)
He doesn’t have me do it. (正) ------------(否定句…(叫)使役動詞現在式)
He hasn’t me do it. (誤)
He didn’t have any letters from Mary. (正) -(否定句…(收到)一般動詞過去式)
He hadn’t any letters from Mary . (誤)
Do you have difficulty doing the job? (正) -(疑問句…(經驗)一般動詞現在式)
Have you difficulty doing the job? (誤)
Does she have many visitors? (正) -----------(疑問句…(接待)一般動詞現在式)
Has she many visitors? (誤)
Did she have(= take) a music lesson? (正) -(疑問句…(上課)一般動詞過去式)
Had she a music lesson this morning? (誤)
完成式助動詞(have, has, had):過去分詞(P.P.)做為本動詞。
He has studied English for two hours. --(現在完成式肯定句)
He has not studied English yet. ----------(現在完成式否定句)
Has he studied English yet? --------------(現在完成式疑問句)
What has he studied? ----------------------(現在完成式疑問句)
He had studied English before he went out. ---------(過去完成式肯定句)
He had not studied English before he went out. ----(過去完成式否定句)
Had he studied English before he went out? --------(過去完成式疑問句)
What had he studied before he went out?------------ (過去完成式疑問句)