陳思's 心英文法---英文心法

未來式現在型助動詞(will, shall, can, may, must)：具肯定意味的語氣，無論肯定句或否定句時皆須寫出，不可省略。

will not = won’t 
shall not = shan’t , sha’n’t
can not = cannot , can’t

may not = mayn’t
must not = mustn’t

【觀念確認 】現代英文已不使用mayn’t及shan’t , sha’n’t

未來式過去型助動詞(would, should, could, might)：具不肯定意味的語氣(讓步語氣)，用於假設語氣時，皆表示和現在事實相反，用於強烈意願的假設語氣時會被省略。

would not = wouldn’t
should not = shouldn’t
could not = couldn’t

【觀念確認】 might not 無縮寫型式，所有未來式助動詞皆無過去分詞(P.P.)

* 使用要點

Will 與 Would

(1) will和原形動詞構成未來式，肯定句和否定句皆具有堅定的意味，疑問句則有要求明確回答“可”，“否” 的意味。

(2) Would是will的過去式，用法與will相同，帶有讓步語氣，因而肯定句和否定句皆有委婉，客氣，不確定的意味，疑問句則有客氣的請求的意味。

【觀念確認】 讓步語氣：即是具不肯定、不確定意味的語氣。

I will study English tomorrow.       (未來式肯定句)

I will not study English tomorrow. (未來式否定句)

Will you study English tomorrow? (未來式疑問句)

What will you study tomorrow?      (未來式疑問句)

            I think I would study English tomorrow.   (未來式讓步語氣肯定句)

            I think I would not study English tomorrow. (未來式讓步語氣否定句)

            Would you mind giving me a hand? (未來式讓步語氣疑問句)

            What would you study tomorrow?    (未來式讓步語氣疑問句)

Will 與Would於疑問句中，Would表謙恭的要求，比Will來得更加客氣。

【觀念確認】Would於謙恭的要求疑問句中，僅用於第二人稱，第一、第三人稱均不適用

Would you mind doing me a favor?------------------(麻煩您)幫我個忙好嗎?

Would you show me the way to the railway station?-------可否告訴我…?

Would you like to have dinner with me?------------------------你要不要...?
 

深入探討 Would於表示建議，即徵求對方同意，則用於第二、第三人稱，不可於用第一人稱
 

Would you/they like to join us?-----------------------------------想不想要...?

Would you/they mind going with us?----------------------------在不在意...?

Will 與 Would於假設語句中，Will表肯定的未來，Would表不確定的未來。

         If you don’t study harder, you will fail on the test (肯定的未來)

        As long as you work hard, you will succeed in the future. (肯定的未來)

        When he comes tomorrow, I will give him the book. (肯定的未來)

        If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. (不確定的未來)

        I wish that I would be the right one for you. (不確定的未來)

       Had he been careful, the accident wouldn’t have happened. (不確定的未來)

Will 與 Would用於推理，實為假設語氣，不具有未來的含意。

You will(must) be he, I suppose.--------------------我猜您一定就是那個人了

The phone is ringing. It will(must) be Mary.------------一定是Mary打的電話

I suppose he would be ninety or so when he died.---他過世時大概九十上下

There is a ring at the door. I don’t know who it would be.-----是誰按門鈴啊

Will they be able to hear us talking at such a distance? (意指不可能..怎可能)

Would they be able to hear us talking at such a distance? (意指可能..竟然能)
 

深入探討 Would that = I wish that，意為「但願」，是為假設句

Would that I were young again. = I wish that I could be young again.

間接引句中若主要子句為過去式，則從屬子句須用would代替will。

他告訴我那一天下午Mary會在圖書館裡

He told me that Mary would be in the library that afternoon. (間接引句)

He said to me, “ Mary will be in the library this afternoon.” (直接引句)

我問Joan她會不會去參加聚會

I asked Joan if she would go to the party. (間接引句)

I asked Joan, “ Will you go to the party?” (直接引句)

will have + P.P.表示推測，would have + P.P. 表示與過去事實相反

He will have left Taiwan when you arrive at the airport. (表示對未來的推測)

You will(must) have heard the news. (表示對過去的推測)

The war would have been avoided if the peace treaty had come in time.

深入探討 would, should, could, might have + P.P. 皆表示與過去事實相反